Republic of Guatemala, República de Guatemala. 14,280,596. Indian 55%, Mestizo 44% (1990 WA). National or official language: Spanish. Literacy rate: 48% to 55%; Indian 0% to 25%, Mestizo 75% to 85%.
Living languages| Achi', Cubulco | [acc] 48,252 (2000 WCD).Central area west of Rabinal, Baja Verapaz Department. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Quichean, Quichean, Quiche-Achi |
| Achi', Rabinal | [acr] 37,300 (1990 SIL).Central Rabinal area, Baja Verapaz Department. Alternate names: Rabinal K'iche'. Dialects: Closest linguistically to Cubulco Achi'. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Quichean, Quichean, Quiche-Achi |
| Akateko | [knj] 48,500 in Guatemala (1998). Population total all countries: 58,600.San Miguel Acatán. Also spoken in Mexico, USA. Alternate names: Acateco, Acatec, San Miguel Acatán Kanjobal, Conob, Western Kanjobal, Western Q'anjob'al. Classification: Mayan, Kanjobalan-Chujean, Kanjobalan, Kanjobal-Jacaltec |
| American Sign Language | [ase] Alternate names: ASL, Ameslan. Classification: Deaf sign language |
| Awakateko | [agu] 18,000 (1998 SIL).Western Huehuetenango Department. Alternate names: Aguacateco, Aguacatec. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Mamean, Ixilan |
| Ch'orti' | [caa] 30,000 in Guatemala (2000 Lubeck). Population total all countries: 30,010.Eastern border with Honduras, and into Honduras. Also spoken in Honduras. Classification: Mayan, Cholan-Tzeltalan, Cholan, Chorti |
| Chuj, Ixtatán | [cnm] 22,130 in Guatemala (1991 SIL). Population total all countries: 31,630.Western Huehuetenango Department. Also spoken in Mexico. Alternate names: Chuh, Chuje, Chuhe, Chuj de San Mateo Ixtatán. Classification: Mayan, Kanjobalan-Chujean, Chujean |
| Chuj, San Sebastián Coatán | [cac] 19,458 (1991 SIL).Central western Coatán River area, western Huehuetenango Department. Classification: Mayan, Kanjobalan-Chujean, Chujean |
| Garifuna | [cab] 16,700 in Guatemala.Two villages on the northeast coast: Livingston and Puerto Barrios. Alternate names: Garífuna, Black Carib, Caribe, Central American Carib. Classification: Arawakan, Maipuran, Northern Maipuran, Caribbean |
| Guatemalan Sign Language | [gsm] Classification: Deaf sign language |
| Itza' | [itz] 12 (1986 SIL). Ethnic population: 1,800 (2001).North central, north of Lake Petén Itzá in San José Petén, 15 minutes by auto from Flores. The language is extinct in Belize. Alternate names: Petén Itzá Maya, Yucatec Maya, Icaiche Maya, Maya. Classification: Mayan, Yucatecan, Mopan-Itza Nearly extinct. |
| Ixil, Chajul | [ixj] 18,000 (1998 SIL).Quiché Department. Dialects: Ilom. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Mamean, Ixilan |
| Ixil, Nebaj | [ixi] 35,000 (1991 SIL).Nebaj area, Quiché Department. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Mamean, Ixilan |
| Ixil, San Juan Cotzal | [ixl] 16,000 (1998 SIL).Quiché Department. Dialects: 70% to 75% intelligibility among the three Ixil languages. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Mamean, Ixilan |
| Jakalteko, Eastern | [jac] 11,000 (1998 SIL).Huehuetenango Department near Mexico border, Concepción Huista area. Alternate names: Jacalteco, Eastern. Classification: Mayan, Kanjobalan-Chujean, Kanjobalan, Kanjobal-Jacaltec |
| Jakalteko, Western | [jai] 77,700 in Guatemala (1998). Population total all countries: 88,000.Huehuetenango Department, around Jakaltenango. Also spoken in Mexico. Alternate names: Western Jacalteco, Popti'. Dialects: Eastern and Western Jakalteko understand each other's spoken languages, but not written text. Classification: Mayan, Kanjobalan-Chujean, Kanjobalan, Kanjobal-Jacaltec |
| Kaqchikel, Akatenango Southwestern | [ckk] 500 (1997 SIL).Municipio of Akatenango, town of Akatenango. Alternate names: Acatenango Southwestern Cakchiquel. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Quichean, Quichean, Cakchiquel |
| Kaqchikel, Central | [cak] 132,200 (1990 SIL).Southern Guatemala, Chimaltenango Department. Alternate names: Cakchiquel, Kaqchiquel. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Quichean, Quichean, Cakchiquel |
| Kaqchikel, Eastern | [cke] 100,000 (1998 SIL).Northwest of and near Guatemala City, San Juan Sacatepéquez. Alternate names: Eastern Cakchiquel. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Quichean, Quichean, Cakchiquel |
| Kaqchikel, Northern | [ckc] 24,000 (2000 SIL). Ethnic population: 40,000.Central highlands, northeastern Chimaltenango Department, San Martín Jilotepeque Municipality in rural areas and towns of San Martín and Santa Ana Chimaltenango. Alternate names: Northern Cakchiquel. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Quichean, Quichean, Cakchiquel |
| Kaqchikel, Santa María de Jesús | [cki] 18,000 (2000 SIL).Southeast of Antigua, Sacatepéquez Department, Santa María de Jesus Municipality. Alternate names: Kach'ab'al, Santa María de Jesús Cakchiquel. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Quichean, Quichean, Cakchiquel |
| Kaqchikel, Santo Domingo Xenacoj | [ckj] 5,200 (1991 SIL).West of Guatemala City on the Pan American highway. Alternate names: Santo Domingo Xenacoj Cakchiquel, Xenacoj. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Quichean, Quichean, Cakchiquel |
| Kaqchikel, South Central | [ckd] 43,000 (1998 SIL).Pan American highway west of Guatemala City. Alternate names: South Central Cakchiquel. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Quichean, Quichean, Cakchiquel |
| Kaqchikel, Southern | [ckf] 43,000 (1993 SIL).Area south of Antigua. Alternate names: Southern Cakchiquel. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Quichean, Quichean, Cakchiquel |
| Kaqchikel, Western | [ckw] 77,000 (1998 SIL).Northern and eastern shores of Lake Atitlán, Departamento de Sololá. Alternate names: Western Cakchiquel. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Quichean, Quichean, Cakchiquel |
| Kaqchikel, Yepocapa Southwestern | [cbm] 8,000 (1991 SIL). Ethnic population: 15,000 (1991 SIL).Municipio of Yepocapa. Alternate names: Yepocapa Southwestern Cakchiquel. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Quichean, Quichean, Cakchiquel |
| Kaqchikel-K'iche' Mixed Language | [ckz] 2,000 (1998 SIL).Santiago, Sacatepéquez, Santa María Cauque aldea. Alternate names: Cauque Mixed Language. Dialects: Speakers came from the K'iche' area in the colonial period. Older speakers show a base of K'iche'. Classification: Mixed Language, Cakchiquel-Quiché |
| K'iche', Central | [quc] 1,900,000 (2000 SIL).Central highlands, Totonicapan, southern El Quiché, eastern Sololá, eastern Quezaltenango departments. Alternate names: Quiché, Central Quiché, Chiquel, Cachabel. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Quichean, Quichean, Quiche-Achi |
| K'iche', Cune'n | [cun] 9,000 (2000 Marhenke). Ethnic population: 9,000 including 7,000 and growing in the municipio plus 2,000 in Guatemala City (1993 Marhenke).K'iche' Department. Alternate names: Cunén Quiché, Northern Quiché, Chuil Quiché, Cunenteco Quiché, Cunenteco K'iche'. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Quichean, Quichean, Quiche-Achi |
| K'iche', Eastern | [quu] 100,000 (1991 SIL).Includes Chichicastenango and Chiché. Alternate names: East Central Quiché, Chichicastenango Eastern Quiché, Eastern Quiché. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Quichean, Quichean, Quiche-Achi |
| K'iche', Joyabaj | [quj] 54,298 (1991 SIL).Quiché Department. Alternate names: Joyabaj Quiché. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Quichean, Quichean, Quiche-Achi |
| K'iche', San Andre's | [qxi] 19,728 (1991 SIL).Quiché Department. Alternate names: San Andrés Sajcabajá Quiché. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Quichean, Quichean, Quiche-Achi |
| K'iche', West Central | [qut] 250,000 (1994 SIL).Southwest of Lake Atitlán, Quezaltenango, and Totonicapan departments. Alternate names: Southwestern Quiché, Cantel Quiché. Dialects: Coastal K'iche', Western K'iche'. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Quichean, Quichean, Quiche-Achi |
| Mam, Central | [mvc] 100,000 (1992 SIL).San Marcos Department (10 towns). The towns of San Miguel Ixtahuacán (18,000) and Concepción Tutapa (30,000) could be considered dialects of Northern Mam. Alternate names: Comitancillo Mam, Western Mam, Mam Occidental, Mam Marquense, San Marcos Comitancillas Mam. Dialects: Lexical similarity 77% between Tajumulco and Comitancillo. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Mamean, Mamean |
| Mam, Northern | [mam] 200,279 in Guatemala (2000 WCD). Population total all countries: 201,279.Western Huehuetenango Department (San Sebastián and other towns) and San Marcos Department; 17 towns. Also spoken in Mexico. Alternate names: Huehuetenango Mam. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Mamean, Mamean |
| Mam, Southern | [mms] 125,000 (1991 SIL).Quetzaltenango Department (9 towns), Retalhuleu Department (1 town); Western Ostuncalco area (San Juan Ostuncalco, San Martín Sacatepéquez, and other towns). Alternate names: San Juan Ostuncalco Mam, Ostuncalco Mam, Quetzaltenango Mam, Mam Quetzalteco. Dialects: San Martín Sacatepéquez Mam (San Martín Chile Verde Mam). Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Mamean, Mamean |
| Mam, Tajumulco | [mpf] 35,000 (1992 SIL).San Marcos Department, Tajumulco and Ixchiguán towns. Dialects: Very different from Central Mam, although close geographically. Lexical similarity 77% with Comitancillo. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Mamean, Mamean |
| Mam, Todos Santos Cuchumatán | [mvj] 50,000 in Guatemala (1998 SIL). Population total all countries: 60,000.Huehuetenango Department, town of Todos Santos Cuchumatán. Also spoken in Mexico. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Mamean, Mamean |
| Maya, Mopán | [mop] 2,600 in Guatemala (1990 SIL).Petén Department. Alternate names: Maya Mopán, Mopane. Classification: Mayan, Yucatecan, Mopan-Itza |
| Poqomam, Central | [poc] 8,600 in Guatemala (1990 SIL).9 kilometers northwest of Guatemala City, Chinautla. Also spoken in El Salvador. Alternate names: Central Pocomam, Pokomam, Pocomán. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Quichean, Pocom |
| Poqomam, Eastern | [poa] 12,500 (1990 SIL).Eastern Guatemala, Jalapa Department, San Luis Jilotepeque. Alternate names: Pocomam Oriental, Eastern Pokomam. Dialects: Possibly 50% intelligibility of Central Poqomam. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Quichean, Pocom |
| Poqomam, Southern | [pou] 27,910 (1991 SIL).20 kilometers south of Guatemala City. Alternate names: Palín Pocomam, Southern Pokomam. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Quichean, Pocom |
| Poqomchi', Eastern | [poh] 42,164 (2000 WCD).Atla Verapaz Department. Alternate names: Tactic Pokomchí, Pocomchí, Poconchí, Pokonchí, Eastern Pokomchí. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Quichean, Pocom |
| Poqomchi', Western | [pob] 50,000 (1998 SIL).Around San Cristobal. Alternate names: Western Pocomchí, Pocomchí, Poqomchi', Western Pokomchí. Dialects: Santa Cruz Verapaz Poqomchi'. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Quichean, Pocom |
| Q'anjob'al, Eastern | [kjb] 77,700 in Guatemala (1998).Huehuetenango Department, Santa Eulalia. Also spoken in USA. Alternate names: Santa Eulalia Kanjobal, Kanhobal, Qanjobal, Conob, Eastern Kanjobal. Classification: Mayan, Kanjobalan-Chujean, Kanjobalan, Kanjobal-Jacaltec |
| Q'eqchi' | [kek] 400,000 in Guatemala (1998 SIL). Population total all countries: 421,286.Northern Alta Verapaz, southern Petén departments in Guatemala. Also spoken in Belize, El Salvador. Alternate names: Quecchi', Cacche', Ketchi', Kekchi'. Dialects: Only slight dialect differences. Prestige dialect is Cobán, Alta Verapaz. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Quichean, Kekchi |
| Sakapulteko | [quv] 36,823 (1991 SIL).Quiché Department, and some speakers in Guatemala City. Alternate names: Sacapulas K'iche', Sacapulteco. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Quichean, Sacapulteco |
| Sipakapense | [qum] 8,000 (2000 SIL). Ethnic population: 12,000 or more (2000 E. Kindberg SIL).San Marcos Department. Alternate names: Sipacapeño, Sipacapa Quiché, Sipacapense. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Quichean, Sipacapeno |
| Spanish | [spa] 4,673,000 in Guatemala (1995). Alternate names: Español, Castellano. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian, Castilian |
| Tacanec | [mtz] 20,000 in Guatemala (1991 SIL). Population total all countries: 21,200.Western San Marcos Department; rural areas west of the town of Tacaná, western Guatemala border, and in Sibinal and Tectitán. Also spoken in Mexico. Alternate names: Tacaná Mam, Western Mam, Tiló, Mamé. Dialects: The most distinctive of all the Mam varieties. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Mamean, Mamean |
| Tektiteko | [ttc] 1,265 in Guatemala (2000 WCD). Population total all countries: 2,265.Area of Tectitán, western Guatemala border. Also spoken in Mexico. Alternate names: Teco, "Teko", Tectitán Mam, Maya-Tekiteko, Tectiteco. Dialects: Close to Mam. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Mamean, Mamean |
| Tz'utujil, Eastern | [tzj] 50,000 (1998 SIL). 17,000 monolinguals.Southern shore of Lake Atitlán, Sololá Department. Alternate names: Tzutujil Oriental, Santiago Atitlán Tzutujil, Tzutuhil. Dialects: 99% of the people understand and speak Eastern Tz'utujil. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Quichean, Quichean, Tzutujil |
| Tz'utujil, Western | [tzt] 33,800 (1990 SIL).Southern Sololá area, southwestern shore of Lake Atitlán. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Quichean, Quichean, Tzutujil |
| Uspanteko | [usp] 3,000 (1998 SIL).Quiché Department. The center is Las Pacayas. Alternate names: Uspanteco. Classification: Mayan, Quichean-Mamean, Greater Quichean, Uspantec |
| Chicomuceltec | [cob] Extinct. Ethnic population: 100 in Guatemala (1982 GR). Alternate names: Cakchiquel Mam. Classification: Mayan, Huastecan |
| Xinca | [xin] Extinct.Southeastern. Alternate names: Szinca. Dialects: Language may be related to Lenca. Classification: Unclassified |
This web edition of the Ethnologue contains all the content of the print edition and may be cited as:
Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.), 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. Online version:www.ethnologue.com.
Source: Guatemala News-El
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